Internal-combustion engine



Nov. 22, 1927. 1,649,817

l l J. EDMAN INTENAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 12o has as a further Object I' APatented Nov. 22, 19'27.

comi' EDiaAN, or MINNEAPOLIS, COMPANY, or MINNEAPOLIS,

MINNESOTA, AssIGNon MINNESOTA, A coayoaATION or SOUTH DAKOTA. o

T MASTEBBILT MOTO INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application mea Aprii i9, 1924. seiiai Na. 707,649.

This invention relates to an internal combastion engine and has for itsobject to proy'vide a new and improved device of this description. Oneof the defects in an interl nal combustion enginel .of the present 'typeisthe inability to get a high compression without preignition. One ofthe objectsof this invention 1s to provide an engine which` will be freefrom this defectl and permit a much 'higher compression than is atpresentattainable withoutl .preignitiom Another 'defect in such engines`is the overheating of the exhaust valve. This invention has' as afurther object to remedy this defect.

i The invent-ion has as a further object to provide an internalcombustion engine with means orvcooling the piston of the engine by airby means of an eli'ective, inexpensive and durable construction. Theinvention to cool the cylinder by means of air. AThe inventio has as afurther object to. provide means or cooling the valves by meansof air.The invention hasl further objects which are more partic- 25. ularly`pointedv out in the accompanying y description.

Referring Fig. 1 is a side. engine embodying omitted;

Fig. 2 is a plan view'of one of the cylinders;

Fig". 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is 'an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on line 4-4'of Fig.1; Fig. 5 is a sectional view through the pistonytaken On line 5 5 otFig.v 4;

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several figures.

l have illustrated the invention as applied to an engine having aplurality of cylinders 1. Each of the cylinders as shown, for example inFig. 4, is made up .of three sections,'a central section 2, a basesection Sand a top section 4. Within each cylinder is a iston 5,. whichhas a continuous top. 6.

eans vis provided for to the drawings,

elevation of one form of the invention with parts through the pistonsfor coolug tiem. lFor v ruc ion w ereare provided'with one or more' thispurpose I.l providev a cons the pistons c enlarged. air chambers withmeans Ifor adthe wrist pin.

circulating airv m'itting and discharging` air therefrom, the airchambers preferably being considerably larger in vcross sectional areathan the means for-discharging the air so that the air will notcirculatein a current, but the chamber will be filled with air and someof the air remain therein for a period rather than passing directlythrough in a eurent so that the air may more eiectively act to absorbheat from the piston. Stating it another way, there is an air conduitlfor -circulating air through the piston wherein the portion ofsaid'conduitconsists of the chamber' in the piston which is of greatercross sectional area than the discharge pipe so that there is air in thepiston for an In the construction illus 5 is provided with the1ongitudinally extending walls 8 and 9 forming air chambers orreservoirs 10 and l11 which extend longitudinally along the piston.These walls are separated by a space in which the connecting rod 12works. The walls8 and9 are connected to the outer walls a storage 'ofthe appreciable time, trated the piston lof the piston by the hollowmembers 13 which form the bearings for the wristpin 14. It Awill benoted that' these wrist pin'.y

bearings proj are completely surrounded by air so as to be cooled. Thisprevents them from getting suiiciently heated to injure-the oil andhencel prevents themv Jfrom becoming worn so as to cause the wrist 1nvt0 become loose.- The wrist pins are o1 ed in any suitable manner .asby means of the oil holes 14a which communicate with the oil groove 14bextending Aaround theL piston and which gather oil from the inner faceof the cylinder and force it through the' holes 14 into the bearings ofyThe chambers or reservoirs 10 andl 11 extend from the bottom to the topof the piston and are atl the top by the cross chamber 15. The walls and9 are connected together at the top by the cross wall 16. Connected withthe base portion 3 ofthe cylinders are the stationary hollow members 16and 17. There are four stationary hollow. members, two communicatingwith each of the chambers 10 and 11, the hollow members 16 and 17communicating with chambers l1Q and ect across the air chamber and;

connected together y members 16a and 17a communicating with chamber 11.The'hollow members 16 and 17 are connected to the base portion v3 in anydesired manner. The base member 3 is provided` with the passagewayslSwith which the hollow stationary members 16 communicate and withthel'horizontal orlateral passageways 19 with which the hollowstationary members 17 communicate. The upper ends loqof the stationaryhollow members 16 and 17 project into the piston so as to permit theplston to move up and down along them. In the" construction shown, thesemembers slide in openings in the bottom of the piston.

Air assesinto the passageways 18 and along the ollow members 16 and theninto the chambers 10 where it absorbs heat from the piston remaining anappreciable time in the piston for this purpose and passes out throughthe hollow stationary members .17 and out through the passageway 19.

It will thus be seen that two currents of air passinto the piston bymeans of the members 16 and 17 and 16 and 17, and that these .currentsof air come to contact with the outer walls ofthe iston and withdiiierent interior' walls, name yvthe walls .8 and 9. Some of the airpassesI across from one -chamber to the other at 'the top of the istonthrough the cross chamber' 15. It wil thus 'be seen that a' largecooling surface is provided for. f the air and that in view of thestorage therewith arel also hollow, such valve stems reciprocating incasings 22. An air inlet pipe 23 of `smaller cross sectional area thanthe hollow of the valve stem projects into the valve stem to'apointsuiiicient to force the airl into the hollow valve, this air absorb# ingheat in" thehollow "valve and escaping out through the space between thepipe 23 and the inner w' ls of thel valve stem 20.

The cylinders of thev engine `are provided with a series of heatdissipating ribs'or wings 24, see Figs. 3 and .41, having spaces 25between them. An outer covering 26 is provided, which passes over thecylinder and lthe ribs, and which passes above the upper ends oftheribs, there being provided an air chamber 27' from which air passes.downv thou h the s aces 25 between the ribs t'o cool lt e cylin er. Thisair chamber in the construction shown is formed between a flange 28\`and the top of the cylinder and the cover 263' Air isv admitted into thevarious @bambers in any suitable manner. As

herein shown, I provide an air conduit 29.

which extends along the several cylinders.

. the cylinder, and that I thev exhaust valve in a ing'air to the airconduit29. YOnly The chamber'27ico'mmunicates with this air conduit, asshown in Fi 4, so that air therefrom passes between t e casings 26 'andl the cylinders. Pipes 30 communicate with the conduit 29and with thepassage-ways 18, as shown in' .Figure 4. Pipes 31 connect. the

conduit 29- with the inlet pipes/23: of the The springs Silvreturn thevalves tion the top of the piston is cooled aswell asl the body yof theiston, and that the interior wall of the top o the piston is always incontact with cooling air. It will further he seen that the exterior ofthe cylinder is also cooled by a confined current of air, and that theexhaust valves of the engine are also cooled by a confined current ofair.

It will further be seen that the cross sectional area vof the airreservoirs in the piston are considerably larger than the crosssectional. area of the exhaust pi e, thereby insuring the air remaininin t e .piston a suiiicient'time to absorb t e large quantity of heat. Ihave found' by experiment'that with a machine of this construction I amable to secure a very high compression in the cylinders, as forexample,` a compression of 120pounds withoutpre-ignition, this being dueto the elicient cooling of the pistonand am also able to keep tion. Anysuitable means is used for supplyalsmall amount of pressure is re uiredto do the work, and it may be supphed by a fan run The explosive mixture'from the engine.

proper cooled condi-y f enters the ciylinder through the admission 36and the va spring 37.

` The cover 26 for the cylinder isv preferably made of some materialsuch as copper or brass which' absorbs heat more quickly than the metalof the cylinder and the ribs.

It will be noted that the 4chambers 10 and 11 and the ,cross chamber 415are so arranged as to fornr a reservoir opposite the ve therein `isprovided with the entire Contactin Wall of the piston as welll as thetop and ottom thereof. The outer' walls of this`air reservoir constitutethe entire outer walls ofthe piston so that the cool air comes intocontact with the inner face of the entire outer wall of the piston. Itwill further beseen that the-entirev cylindrical wall and thetop and thepiston form the outer'wallsof the air storage reservoir.

It will be noted that and is -proyided with two internal substantiallyparallel walls which' extend entirely bottom walls of the` pistonI ishollow:

, piston havin prising a cylinder,

across the piston and which are integral with the wall of the piston.These walls divide the piston into three substantially parallel hollowportions. This forms a strong, du-

rable, hollow piston which is not injured by the expansion andcontraction due to hanges in temperature. The central, holl w 'portioncontains the piston connecting rod an the adjacent -outside hollowportions are provided with means for passing airtherethrough. It isfound in practice that the air in addition to coolin the outer wall ofthe piston, cools theseA su stantially parallel internal walls and sincethey are integra with the piston outer wall, they conduct the heat fromsuch outer wall asfthey are cooled by the air and prevent the formationof carbon in the cylinders of the invention. The hollow members'l whichare integral with these walls and with the outer piston wall extendacross the air reservoirs and also assist in conducting the heat awayfrom the outer walls.

l claim:

l. An internal combustion engine coinprising a cylinder, a piston insaid cylinder,

an air storage space in said piston the outer walls of the air storagespaceconstituting the entire outer walls of the piston, a base for saidcylinder provided with separated air passageways, connections betweensaid separated air passageways and said piston,

and means for inserting air in said piston and withdrawing it therefromthrough said P connections while the piston is in operation, airremaining in the piston anappreciable time after beinginserted so thatit may absorb heat from the piston before being discharged. y

2. vAn internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a hollow pistontherein, said two separated longitudinally extending wa ls extendingentirely across the piston, and between which the piston connecting rodpasses and which divide the piston into two longitudinally extending airreservoirs, means for admitting air into and exhausting air :from saidreservoirs, hollow members projecting across each of said reservoirssoas to be surrounded'by the air therein and act-ing as bearings for thewrist pin of the piston connecting rod. v

3. An internal combustion engine coma hollow piston therein, said pistonhaving two separated longitudinally extending walls extending entirelyacross'the'piston, and between which the piston connecting: rod passesandy which divide the .piston into two longitudinally extending airreservoirs, means for admitting air into and exhausting air from saidreservoirs, the

exhausting means being .smaller vin cross 'sectional area'than the airreservoirso as toI permit the air to remain an appreciable time in thereservoir before being exhausted, an'

1 ing inopenings in the bottom of.

' ting 4'. An inteinal -combustion engine "coniprising a cylinder, ahollow piston therein, said piston liavingtwo separated longitudinally'extending' walls extending. entirely d .across the piston, and betweenwhich the piston connecting rod passes and y which divide the pistoninto extendinor air reservoirs, ajbase connected with said cylinder,aplurality of hollow members connected with sai-d base and work- 'thepiston and forming` communication with `rthe air reservoirs thereiny twolongitudi'i'iallyl '80- and means forconnecting' certain of said hollowmembers with-1a source of air supply. y

5. 'An internal combustion lengine comprising a cylinder,

tion, said piston having twoseparated longif tudinally extending -wa-lls'between which the piston connectingrod passes and which dividethepiston into two longitudinally extending air reservoirs, means for.admit'- two separate'currents ofair into said piston, one into each`ofcsaid air reservoirs.

6. An .internal combustion engine -comprising a cylinder, said pistonhaving two separated longitudinally extending walls extending entirelyacross the piston, land betweenwhich the iston -connecting rod passesgand which divide the piston into two longitudially extending air4reservoirs, air into and exhausting voirs, air reservoirs, wrist pinbearingsl reservoir so as to be exposed to the air therein and a'hollowwrist pin working in .said bearings.

prising a cylinder,

air from said resernally extending walls extending entirely across 4thepiston, and between which the connecting rod passes -and which dividethe piston into two longitudinally extendin lair reservoirs, bearingsfor the wrist pin o the piston extending as to be surrounded by air andmeans admitting air into and exhausting air .from said reservoirs. 1 i

-8. An internall combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a hollowpiston therein, said piston having two.separated; substan tiallyparallel internal fwallswhich extend entirely across the pistonand-which are 1ntegral with the outer wall 'of said piston, said'internal walls dividing the piston .intothree substantially parallel,hollow portions. 19. An internal combustion engine coinprising'acylinder a hollow piston therein,

a hollow piston there-in having its end integral with the'body por-- ahollow `piston therein, A

means for admitting' and a cross connection betweenv saidv the extendingacross said.105

An internal combustion engine*- coin-f a hollow piston therein, i `saidpiston having twojseparated longitudiacross said reservoirs so` y for lsaid piston having two lseparated substantially parallel internal Wallswhich extend entirely across Vthe piston and which are n- `te'gralwththe outer Wall of said piston,

5 said internal Walls dividing the piston into; three substantiallyparallel, hollow portions, hollow imen'iloeljs extending across the twovouter hollow spaces and integral with said 'oute hollow spaces."' Signedat Chica JOHN EDMAN.

